Jun 17, 2024  
2022-2023 Graduate Bulletin 
    
2022-2023 Graduate Bulletin [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


The number system reflects the level of course material and associated rigor. With the exception of upper graduate level and professional courses, any prerequisite restrictions limiting the level of a student accepted into a course shall be specified in a course prerequisites. Courses shall be numbered as follows:

400G-499G Senior and first year graduate level course; graduate credit for non-majors only;
500-599 First year graduate level course; undergraduate and graduate credit;
600-799 Upper graduate level course; open only to graduate students;
800-999 Professional Programs course; open only to students in professional colleges and to students in other colleges offering professional degrees as defined by the Council on Postsecondary Education.

Courses may be approved for variable credits, e.g., (1-3), (2-6), etc. In no case, however, may the total credits exceed the maximum number authorized for the course.

Repeated registration in a course may be allowed if the course description carries the statement: “May be repeated to maximum of … credits.” However, a student may enroll only one time in a specific course during a given semester. Courses with the same number are not considered to be the same course if different identifying titles are an integral part of the record.

Unless indicated in the course description, the number of credits for a course indicates the number of lecture or discussion or class hours.

Below is a list of all graduate level courses (400G and above).

 
  
  • BAE 749 - DISSERTATION RESEARCH


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 0

    Half-time to full-time work on dissertation. May be repeated to a maximum of six semesters.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Registration for two full-time sems of 769 res cr following successful compl qualifying exams. Note: Registration for this course is not available via telephone (UK-VIP) or webUK. For enrollment information contact the Graduate School at 257-4905.
  
  • BAE 750 - SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 1 - 3 (Variable)

    Independent work on selected research problems in one of the various fields of biosystems and agricultural engineering. Consultation and laboratory by appointment. May be repeated three times for a maximum of nine credits.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Approval of chairperson of department.
    Repeatable up to 9 credit hours.
  
  • BAE 767 - DISSERTATION RESIDENCY CREDIT


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 2

    Residency credit for dissertation research after the qualifying examination. Students may register for this course in the semester of the qualifying examination. A minimum of two semesters are required as well as continuous enrollment (Fall and Spring) until the dissertation is completed and defended.

    Repeatable up to 99 credit hours.
  
  • BAE 768 - RESIDENCE CREDIT FOR MASTER’S DEGREE


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 1 - 6 (Variable)

    May be repeated to a maximum of 12 hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Registration for this course is not available via telephone (UK- VIP) or webUK. For enrollment information contact the Graduate School at 257-4905.
    Repeatable up to 12 credit hours.
  
  • BAE 769 - RESIDENCE CREDIT FOR DOCTOR’S DEGREE


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 0 - 12 (Variable)

    May be repeated indefinitely.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Note: Registration for this course is not available via telephone (UK-VIP) or webUK. For enrollment information contact the Graduate School at 257-4905.
    Repeatable up to 12 credit hours.
  
  • BAE 775 - SEMINAR


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 3

    The course is designed for BAE graduate students and is a required course. The course will cover: 1) framing research and technical writing; 2) proposal development and mock review panel; 3) tools for successful research; and 4) multimodal communication and teaching skills. Through this course, students will gain skills needed for successful graduate study in the profession of biosystems and agricultural engineering.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Graduate Standing.
  
  • BAE 795 - THESIS


    College of Engineering

    Credits: 0

    May be repeated twice.

  
  • BC1 480 - BIOCHEMISTRY @ CREIGHTON UNIV


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 6

  
  • BCH 401G - FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    Descriptive chemistry of amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Discussion of structure and function; metabolism and bioenergetics; and biological information flow. At the undergraduate level, understanding is demonstrated through hour examinations; at the graduate level, understanding is demonstrated through hour examinations and a brief paper. Lecture, three hours; one optional conference.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 107, CHE 236 and BIO 152 or equivalent.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
  
  • BCH 411G - HUMAN REPRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    The objective of this course is to cultivate a student’s curiosity in the field of human reproductive biology, modern technological advancements such as contraception, assisted reproduction and stem cell research, and the social, economic, and ethical challenges and issues they create. Class topics will include basic reproductive processes from gametogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy, and embryogenesis, issues that may hamper reproductive successes, and technological advancements in reproductive medicine such as contraceptives, assisted reproductive technologies, prenatal genetic diagnosis, and stem cells. The social impacts of current and future reproductive medicine will also be discussed.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Elementary Physiology (e.g., PGY206) or Biochemistry (BCH 401G) or consent by the instructor.
    Crosslisted with: PGY 401G
  
  • BCH 419G - MOLECULAR BASIS OF HUMAN DISEASE


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    The goal of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the defining characteristics of the major human diseases, the molecular mechanisms responsible for causing these diseases, and some of the molecular technologies used to diagnose and treat them.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BCH 401G.
  
  • BCH 501 - GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    An introductory course devoted to the structure and function of proteins and enzymes and the genera- tion and storage of metabolic energy associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 107, CHE 230 and CHE 232, or equivalent. BIO 202 is also recommended.
  
  • BCH 502 - GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    A continuation of BCH 501. The topics discussed include the molecular basis of gene expression; molec- ular endocrinology; biochemistry of connective tissue, muscle, erythrocyte, and the immune system; structure, function and metabolism of membranes. The sequence BCH 501, BCH 502 covers the material of BCH 811.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BCH 501 or equivalent.
  
  • BCH 520 - MECHANISMS OF DISEASE


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    Mechanisms of Disease is a 3 credit-hour course for students in the health sciences and others interested in understanding basic disease mechanisms and their impact on normal function. The course will start with the basic pathophysiologic processes that underlie human disease: inflammation, cell injury, cell death, repair, immunity and neoplasia. It will then continue with specific disease mechanisms or processes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurologic, endocrine, and genitourinary/renal systems. Topics will be presented through lectures and reading assignments. Exams will be computer-based and proctored with a free online proctoring service.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One upper-level human physiology course (e.g., PGY 412G, or PGY 502), or consent of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: PGY 520
  
  • BCH 556 - PRINCIPLES OF DRUG DESIGN


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    Introduction to medicinal chemistry will be explored through rational biochemical and physical organic chemical approaches to drug design, action and development. Structural features, physical properties, mechanism of action and metabolism of drug like molecules, forces that govern interaction of drug-like molecules with their targets, enzyme mechanisms and inhibition and xenobiotic metabolism will be illustrated with specific examples showing how drugs function at the molecular level.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 230, CHE 232, BIO 148, BIO 152.
    Crosslisted with: PHS 556
  
  • BCH 601 - SPECIAL TOPICS IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR GENETICS


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1

    Each semester five distinguished scientists visit the UK campus to deliver a series of three formal lectures each and participate in numerous informal contacts with graduate students. The emphasis is on the presentation of the most current advances (often unpublished) in selected topics in molecular and cellular genetics. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

    Repeatable up to 6 credit hours.
    Crosslisted with: BIO 601, PPA 601, MI 601, PLS 601
  
  • BCH 604 - STRUCT BIOCHEM & MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    An advanced course on the structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids. Topics include: the physical determinants of protein structure, classification of protein architecture, protein- nucleic acid and protein-protein interactions, sequence dependence of nucleic acid structure, ribozymes, dynamics and evolutionary relationships.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: IBS 601-602/BCH 607-608 or equivalent.
  
  • BCH 605 - PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 4

    The objective of this course is to provide graduate students of diverse backgrounds with an introduction and overview of neurobiology. Areas covered will include neuronal and glial cell biology, neurotransmitters, signaling mechanisms, neuroanatomy, and neuronal development. The course is designed to provide a brief overview of each of the areas and introduce students to current research questions. The course will consist of lectures and informal presentations in a ‘Journal Club’ format. The course will be interdisciplinary and will be of interest to graduate students in anatomy, biology, biochemistry, immunology, pharmacy, pharmacology, physiology, psychology and toxicology and to neurology and neurosurgery residents.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Introductory biochemistry course, or equivalent, and/or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ANA 605, NEU 605, PGY 605, PHA 605
  
  • BCH 607 - BIOMOLECULES AND METABOLISM


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    An introductory graduate-level biochemistry course designed to provide a basic knowledge of molecular and biochemical principles necessary for advanced graduate study. Protein structure and function, enzyme catalysis, the generation and storage of metabolic energy, amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism and biological membranes and transport will be covered.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 105, 107, 230, and 232; BIO 150 and 152; or equivalents.
    Crosslisted with: IBS 601
  
  • BCH 608 - BIOMOLECULES AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    An introductory graduate-level biochemistry course focused on the cellular mechanisms that underlie the regulated expression of genes, including transcription and translation, as well as basic mechanisms of DNA replication/repair and recombinatin. Genetic engineering and other experimental approaches critical to molecular biology research will be reviewed.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 105, 107, 230 and 232; BIO 150 and 152; or equivalents.
  
  • BCH 609 - PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    This course will consider the chemical constituents of plants (with emphasis on biologically or nutritionally significant compounds unique to plants), their biosynthesis, contributions to key metabolic and defense processes and the regulation of their synthesis. Included will be discussions of photosynthesis, carbohydrates, lipids, isoprenoids, phenylpropanoids, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen and sulfur reduction and assimilation, alkaloids and additional secondary compound, frontiers in plant biochemistry.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: A general biochemistry course or consent of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: PLS 609, PPA 609
  
  • BCH 610 - CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BIOMEMBRANES


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    A lecture and seminar course that discusses primary literature focused on the structures, assembly, and functions of biologically important membranes.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: CHE 232; CHE 442G; BCH 401G, 811, or IBS 601.
  
  • BCH 611 - BIOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    A lecture and seminar course devoted to a study of the principles of nucleic acid chemistry and to the role of nucleic acids in cellular function.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BCH 401G, 502 or 811.
  
  • BCH 612 - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PROTEINS AND ENZYMES


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    Primarily a lecture course devoted to the rela- tionship of the structure of protein molecules to their biological roles. Proteins will be discussed in terms of their size, shape, conformation, primary structure, catalytic mechanism and regulatory properties.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BCH 401G, 502 or 811; CHE 444G or consent of instructor. May be taken concurrently with BCH 502.
  
  • BCH 615 - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    This course will develop the student’s ability to critically read and evaluate the primary literature in selected areas of molecular biology; various experimental systems and techniques are discussed. While there is some lecture, the time will be predominately spent in class discussions of the primary literature.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: An advanced course in molecular biology and genetics (e.g. IBS602) or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: BIO 615, MI 615
  
  • BCH 618 - SEMINAR IN BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1

    A weekly seminar, required of all students majoring in biochemistry, devoted to discussions of areas not covered in other courses and to recent developments in the field. May be repeated to a maximum of five credits.

    Repeatable up to 5 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 619 - SEMINAR IN BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 2

    A weekly seminar, required of all students majoring in biochemistry, devoted to discussions of areas not covered in other courses and to recent developments in the field. May be repeated once for a maximum of four credits.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Permission of instructor.
    Repeatable up to 4 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 620 - BIOSYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 3

    An overview of the biochemical pathways leading to compounds called natural products.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Two semesters of organic chemistry.
  
  • BCH 625 - SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 2

    To be useful, scientific research needs to be explained clearly to others–to colleagues, to administrators, to foundations and governmental bodies, and to the public. This course will give students the tools to effectively present their data, their ideas, and themselves to the scientific community. Through a series of directed exercises the students will learn how to write an abstract, a scientific paper, and a grant, and to prepare a poster and to give an oral presentation. The class will draw examples, topics, and exercises from current literature.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Good standing in a graduate program in the physical, chemical or biomedical sciences.
  
  • BCH 640 - RESEARCH IN BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1 - 9 (Variable)

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Permission of instructor.
    Repeatable up to 12 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 748 - MASTER’S THESIS RESEARCH


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 0

    Half-time to full-time work on thesis. May be repeated to a maximum of six semesters.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: All course work toward the degree must be completed.
  
  • BCH 749 - DISSERTATION RESEARCH


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 0

    May be repeated to a maximum of six semesters.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Registration for two full-time semesters of 769 residence credit following the successful completion of the qualifying exams. Note: Registration for this course is not available via telephone (UK-VIP) or webUK. For enrollment information contact the Graduate School at 257-4905.
    Repeatable up to 6 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 767 - DISSERTATION RESIDENCY CREDIT


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 2

    Residency credit for dissertation research after the qualifying examination. Students may register for this course in the semester of the qualifying examination. A minimum of two semesters are required as well as continuous enrollment (Fall and Spring) until the dissertation is completed and defended.

    Repeatable up to 99 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 768 - RESIDENCE CREDIT FOR MASTER’S DEGREE


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1 - 3 (Variable)

    Residency credit for master’s thesis.

    Repeatable up to 6 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 769 - RESIDENCE CREDIT FOR DOCTOR’S DEGREE


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 0 - 12 (Variable)

    May be repeated indefinitely.

  
  • BCH 779 - MEMBRANE SCIENCES COLLOQUIUM


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1

    Outstanding membrane scientists present their current research on biological and/or synthetic membranes. Students read a pertinent paper by the speaker prior to his/her talk and write a short paper on the talk; especially important is relevance of the main points of the talk to membrane science in general and the student’s own research in particular. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

    Crosslisted with: PHA 779, CHE 779, CME 779, PHR 779
  
  • BCH 780 - TOPICS IN BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1 - 3 (Variable)

    A lecture and seminar course offered on topics of special interest to graduate students. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

    Repeatable up to 6 credit hours.
  
  • BCH 812 - DENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 5

    This is a comprehensive course in biochemistry designed to fulfill the specific needs of student dentists. Course content is generally as outlined in the American Association of Dental Schools suggested curriculum guidelines for biochemistry. Part I acquaints students with the chemical constituents of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; topics include the chemistry of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and coenzymes, and the nature of enzyme action. Part II integrates the chemical principles learned from Part I with concepts of cell dynamics, structure, function, subcellular organization, and metabolism. Topics include intermediary metabolism, bioenergetics, DNA replication, protein synthesis, and cellular regulatory and control mechanisms. Course content, where possible, is related to current concepts concerning the etiology of oral diseases, their treatment, and prevention to assist student dentists in attaining institutional goals and objectives for clinical competency.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Admission into the College of Dentistry and/or consent of course director.
    Repeatable up to 10 credit hours.
    Crosslisted with: OBI 812
  
  • BCH 815 - FIRST-YEAR ELECTIVE, BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1 - 3 (Variable)

    With the advice and approval of his or her faculty advisor, the first year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Biochemistry. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the first-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Admission to first year, College of Medicine.
  
  • BCH 819 - CELLULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION/BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 7

    The course combines lecture, small group activities, clinical correlations, problem-based learning, and problem-solving sessions in providing an understanding of the relationship of biochemical principles to human health and disease. Close integration with genetics topics provides a better picture of how biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics contribute to normal human development and medicine. Lecture, 20 hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Admission to Medical School (first year).
  
  • BCH 825 - SECOND-YEAR ELECTIVE, BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 1 - 4 (Variable)

    With the advice and approval of his or her faculty advisor, the second-year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Biochemistry. The intent is to provide the student with an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the second-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Admission to second year medical curriculum and approval of advisor.
  
  • BCH 850 - ELECTIVE: RESEARCH IN BIOCHEMISTRY


    College of Medicine

    Credits: 4

    With the advice and approval of the faculty adviser and the Student Progress and Promotions Committee, the fourth-year student may choose approved electives offered by the various departments in the College of Medicine. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity to develop his fund of knowledge and clinical competence.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Promotion to Advanced Development Phase of M.D. curriculum.
    Repeatable up to 16 credit hours.
  
  • BIO 401G - SPEC TOPS IN BIOLOGY FOR ELEM/MID/HS TEACHERS (SUBTITLE REQUIRED)


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 1 - 4 (Variable)

    Selected topics in biology of special interest to teachers such as biological research experiences related to pharmacological assays, collecting behavioral data, compilation and statistically analysis of data. When the course is offered, a specific title with specific credits, the number of hours in lecture-discussion, will be given. Lecture/ discussion, two-four hours; laboratory, zero-four hours. May be repeated to a maximum of 12 credit hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: By consent of instructor only.
    Repeatable up to 12 credit hours.
  
  • BIO 420G - TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    A survey of the evolutionary relationships among the major plant groups, concentrating heavily on important families of flowering plants. Issues in contemporary systematics will include analyzing taxonomic data sets. Students will gain practical experience learning the language of descriptive botany and using botanical keys in technical manuals for species identification. Field trips highlight the local spring flora. Lecture, 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours; plus 2 Saturday field trips.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Junior standing; BIO 148 and 152, or one course in introductory botany, or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: NRE 420G
  
  • BIO 430G - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    Basic principles of plant physiology; the physiological processes of green plants and the effect of the environment on these processes. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, three hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, BIO 155 or BIO 198 (or equivalent); CHE 230 and CHE 231 (or equivalent) or consent of Instructor.
  
  • BIO 452G - LABORATORY IN ECOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 2

    An introduction to laboratory and field experimentation and computer simulation in ecology. Exercises and demonstrations will be performed to familiarize students with (1) particular populations and ecosystems, (2) some important research problems in ecology, and (3) current research techniques for dealing with them. One or two Saturday field trips will be required. Laboratory, four hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq or coreq: BIO 325 or equivalent and consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 461G - INTRODUCTION TO POPULATION GENETICS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This survey course examines the population dynamics and equlibria of genes in nuclei, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Emphasis will be on biological relevance (in plants, animals, and micro-organisms), but some theoretical derivations will also be introduced.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: ABT 360 (or equivalent) and one course in probability/statistics.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 461G, FOR 461G, ABT 461G
  
  • BIO 494G - IMMUNOBIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    A survey of theories and mechanisms of immunity including: nature of antigens and antibodies, antigen-antibody reactions, immunocompetent cells, immunogenetics, allergic reactions, tumor immunology and transplantation immunology.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BCH 401G (may be taken concurrently) and BIO 208 or BIO 308 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: MI 494G
  
  • BIO 495G - BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course will examine the pathogenic mechanisms used by bacteria to cause human disease. Bacterial virulence factors & host susceptibility factors will be discussed, with an emphasis on understanding the techniques that can be used to identify these traits in newly emerging pathogens.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 308 or permission of the instructor. MI 360, BIO 315, BCH 401 recommended.
    Crosslisted with: MI 495G
  
  • BIO 502 - SYSTEMS, CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 5

    PGY/BIO-502 is a team-taught, lecture-based course that provides an integrated in-depth understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the human cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, neural, renal and respiratory organ systems. Lectures are supplemented with assigned readings, hands-on demonstrations, and problem-oriented study sessions.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: An introductory physiology course (for example PGY 206), and an understanding of fundamental undergraduate-level chemical and physical concepts is recommended but not required.
    Crosslisted with: PGY 502
  
  • BIO 507 - BIOLOGY OF SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course provides an introduction to the fields of sleep and circadian rhythms including the underlying neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the molecular and genetic underpinnings of sleep and circadian behaviors. The medical and societal relevance of these areas will also be emphasized. Considerable time will be spent reading and analyzing the primary literature in these fields, including student presentations of selected articles.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 OR BIO 302 or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 508 - EVOLUTION


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Mechanisms of evolutionary change, with a brief summary of historical evolution, especially of the Metazoa.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 or ASC/AGR 360.
  
  • BIO 509 - BRAINS & BUDS: NEUROSCIENCE OF POLLINATION


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Pollinators have tremendous agricultural and societal value, and to a neuroscientist, they showcase principles of cognition in the real world. Pollinator species present exquisite examples of co-evolution, physiological and dietary specialization, navigation in complex landscapes, collective decision-making processes, and the behavioral consequences of environmental toxins and disease. In this course, we will use pollinator species (honey bees and other insects, as well as vertebrate pollinators) to explore how critical features of pollination intersect at the level of brain function, covering important neuroscience topics including sensory ecology and evolution, neural energetics, mechanisms of addiction and reward, molecular neuroscience, cognition, and learning and memory.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Students must have at least Junior standing in a life sciences discipline, or permission from instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 509
  
  • BIO 510 - RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUES LABORATORY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    An introduction to the construction, isolation, and analysis of recombinant DNA clones, with emphasis on practical experience in basic techniques. Graduate students will be given first preferences in course enrollment. Lecture, one hour; laboratory, 6 hours per week. Prereq: BIO 304 and BIO 315 or equivalent with consent of instructor.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 and BIO 315 or equivalent with consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 520 - BIOINFORMATICS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    An introduction to computer analysis of macromolecular structure information. This course describes how to access, process, and interpret structural information regarding biological macromolecules as a guide to experiments in biology.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 315 or BIO 304 or BCH 304 or BCH 401 or BCH 501 or BCH 502 or BIO 510 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: INF 520
  
  • BIO 525 - ADVANCED ECOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    BIO 525 is intended to bring students with a baseline knowledge of ecology to a deeper understanding of and experience with the way that ecological studies are conceived, conducted, analyzed and interpreted. BIO 525 is a series of modules that introduce students to the field site and most basic methods and then to a set of research systems for which the group is challenged to come up with the study design, analysis, and interpretation. These modules will address important issues in contemporary ecology and will build on what students learned in previous undergraduate ecology courses.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 325 (Ecology) or equivalent.
  
  • BIO 527 - STEM CELLS, TISSUE ENGINEERING, AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    The course will provide students with knowledge from a broad range of topics related to stem cells, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, including: an historical perspective of these fields, contemporary use of stem cells in medicine, introduction to different concepts in regenerative medicine, research in tissue engineering and biomaterials, and societal issues surrounding stem cells and regenerative medicine.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 315 and BIO 304.
  
  • BIO 530 - BIOGEOGRAPHY AND CONSERVATION


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    An introduction to the geographic patterning of biological diversity, exploring its origins, dynamics, and present trends. Examines the interplay among physical conditions, ecological interactions, evolutionary processes, and the historical movements of organisms and land masses as they have combined to affect the distribution of species, with particular attention to the application of biogeographic knowledge to current problems of species loss and conservation.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Two semesters of introductory biology or physical geography, or consent of the instructor.
    Crosslisted with: GEO 530
  
  • BIO 535 - COMPARATIVE NEUROBIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    The course consists of an introduction to neurophysiology and study of the neural basis of sensory processing and motor patterns. A comparative analysis of the neurobiological basis of behavioral responses will be made, utilizing a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 350 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: PGY 535
  
  • BIO 542 - HISTOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 5

    An in-depth study of vertebrate cell and tissue structure and function. Human tissue is emphasized. Some knowledge of biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy is desirable. The laboratory involves study of prepared microscope slides. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 315 or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 544 - EMBRYOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 5

    A comparative study of chordate development, stressing morphogenesis and reproduction of vertebrate species and evolutionary changes in ontogeny. Laboratory devoted principally to development of the frog, chick and pig. Three lectures and two two-hour laboratories per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 340.
  
  • BIO 550 - ADVANCED PHYSIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Physiological mechanisms by which animals cope with different environmental stresses. Osmoregulation, respiration, temperature regulation and tolerance, sensory reception, circulation, etc.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One year college chemistry, BIO 350 or equivalent, one year college physics or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 551 - LIFE CYCLE ECOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    The effect of physical and biotic factors on plants and environment. Physiological, morphological and anatomical adaptations of plants to the physical factors of the environment are emphasized. Some of the laboratory exercises are carried out in the field. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 325 or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 553 - FISH BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    This course explores the biology of fishes from an evolutionary perspective. Lectures cover physiology, functional morphology, ecology, population biology, behavior, evolutionary relationships, and fisheries biology. Laboratory exercises include development of a fish collection; experiments in fish physiology, behavior and ecology; computer modelling of problems in fisheries biology; and field trips. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, BIO 155 or BIO 198 or consent of Instructor.
  
  • BIO 555 - VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 5

    An intensive survey of the vertebrate classes with emphasis on trends and processes in evolution, classification, phylogeny, ecology, and adaptations in morphology and behavior. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, four hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, BIO 155 or BIO 198, or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 556 - COMMUNICATION BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Animals sense and respond to numerous signals from their environment by using sensory modalities attuned to visual, auditory, chemical, and electromagnetic cues. This course is an in-depth examination of the physiological bases of sensory input and the interactive, motor system-mediated, behavioral repertoires exhibited by different species in response to such inputs.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 325 or BIO 350.
  
  • BIO 559 - ORNITHOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    A study of the life histories, habits, identification, structure, adaptations, and physiology of birds. Special emphasis upon migrations, songs, nests and economic importance of our native birds. Lecture, field excursions, laboratory studies.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, BIO 155 or BIO 198, or consent of Instructor.
  
  • BIO 560 - ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    Emphasis will be placed on the physiological and toxicological effects of chemicals on natural biota, including considerations at cellular, organismal, population, and community levels. This will include assimilation and metabolism of pollutants by animal species, with emphasis upon biochemical and physiological mechanisms involved in stress-induced responses and stress reduction. Additional areas of concern will include the transport, fate, and effects of chemical stressors on structure and function of biotic communities and will include introductions to ecotoxicology and environmental regulatory strategies. Lecture, three hours; recitation, two hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 350 or PGY 502 or equivalent or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: TOX 560
  
  • BIO 561 - INSECTS AFFECTING HUMAN & ANIMAL HEALTH


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Discussion of arthropod parasites and disease vectors. Topics include an overview of disease transmission and public health, epidemiology, vector biology, important arthropod groups and their control.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: 3 credits of basic biology (BIO 103 or BIO 148 or equivalent) or permission of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: CPH 561, ENT 561
  
  • BIO 563 - PARASITOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    Protozoan, helminth and arthropod parasites of man and domestic animals, emphasis on etiology, epidemiology, methods of diagnosis, control measures, and life histories. Techniques for host examination and preparation of material for study.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, BIO 155 or BIO 198, or consent of Instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 563
  
  • BIO 564 - INSECT TAXONOMY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    A study of insect taxonomy including the collection, preparation, and identification of adult insect specimens.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 564
  
  • BIO 568 - INSECT BEHAVIOR


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    The principles of animal behavior will be stressed using insects as examples. Physiology, mechanisms, behavioral ecology and evolution of insect behavior will be covered.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One year of biology or permission of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 568
  
  • BIO 570 - INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    An intensive survey of the invertebrate phyla, including morphology, classification, phylogeny, general trends in the evolution of organ systems, and adaptations to varied modes of existence. Lecture, two hours; laboratory, four hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 104, 105 or BIO 152, 153 or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 575 - PLANT ANATOMY AND MORPHOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    A survey of the diverse structural features of plants and their functional and phylogenetic significance. Emphasis will be on the adaptive design of modern vascular plants as a response to natural and artificial selection. Lecture, three hours; laboratory, two hours per week.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Introductory biology sequence (6 hours) or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 580 - SPECIAL TOPICS IN BIOLOGY (ADVANCED LEVEL): SUBTITLE REQUIRED


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 1 - 4 (Variable)

    Interdisciplinary, topical or experimental course in advanced (500- level) biology. Subtitle required. Prerequisites: Determined by Instructor May be repeated for a maximum of 12 credit hours under different subtitles. Variable credit 1 - 4 cr hr Course format: variable - Lecture and/or laboratory and/or recitation and/or seminar

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Determined by Instructor.
    Repeatable up to 12 credit hours.
  
  • BIO 582 - VIROLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Physical, chemical and biological properties of viruses. Modes of replication and control of gene product formation displayed by representative plant, animal, and bacterial viruses. Same as MI 582.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 and biochemistry or equivalent strongly recommended, or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: MI 582
  
  • BIO 595 - IMMUNOBIOLOGY LABORATORY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 2

    Preparation, standardization, and uses of biological products; serology. Laboratory, four hours.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 594 or concurrently; or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: MI 595
  
  • BIO 601 - SPECIAL TOPICS IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR GENETICS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 1

    Each semester five distinguished scientists visit the UK campus to deliver a series of three formal lectures each and participate in numerous informal contacts with graduate students. The emphasis is on the presentation of the most current advances (often unpublished) in selected topics in molecular and cellular genetics. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

    Repeatable up to 6 credit hours.
    Crosslisted with: BCH 601, PPA 601, MI 601, PLS 601
  
  • BIO 602 - PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF PRACTICAL MICROSCOPY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    The objective of this course is to provide an advanced understanding of the use of contemporary microscopes and the principles underlying biological imaging methods through a combination of lectures and hands- on laboratory experiences. Students will learn to use stereo and compound microscopes to image specimens using bright field, fluorescence, and enhanced contrast techniques. Students will also design their own project and utilize microscopy methods to address a research question.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 148, BIO 152, and BIO 155 or equivalents are required. In addition, one of the following courses or permission of instructor is required: BIO 305, BIO 309, BIO 315, BIO 350.
  
  • BIO 604 - GENETIC ANALYSIS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course in contemporary genetic analysis emphasizes experimental approaches to biological questions in a variety of eukaryotic organisms. The course includes discussion of the application of methodologies spanning a wide range of genetics, including classical, molecular, quantitative and genome-wide approaches. Primary scientific literature is investigated to understand the development and application of these methods. The course is intended to provide a good working understanding of current genetic techniques, how to select appropriate approaches to modern biological problems, and how to interpret results of genetic analyses.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 (Introductory Genetics) or equivalent or consent of the instructor is required. BIO 315 (Cell Biology) or equivalent is recommended, but not required.
  
  • BIO 606 - CONCEPTUAL METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course provides students with hands-on experience in a diverse array of conceptual research techniques used by ecologists and evolutionary biologists. The focus will be on optimization methods used for predicting animal and plant behaviors and life histories, and on methods for assessing population trends and dynamics. Mathematical techniques used will include graphical analyses, matrix algebra, calculus, and computer simulations. The latter part of the course will consist of collaborative modeling projects, in which small groups of students will work with the instructor to address an important contemporary research problem and will report their results in a public talk and a project writeup.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One year of calculus and BIO 325 or FOR 340 or ENT 665, or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 606, FOR 606
  
  • BIO 607 - ADVANCED EVOLUTION


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 2

    This course covers advanced topics in evolution, concentrating on questions central to the understanding of general evolutionary processes. Phenomena occuring both within populations (e.g., selection, inheritance, population subdivision) and between populations (e.g., gene flow, competition) will be addressed. Special attention will be given to modern research approaches and techniques including quantitative genetics, measurement of selection, phylogenetic analyses of comparative data and molecular systematics.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One year of calculus, genetics (BIO 304 or BIO 461) and BIO 508 or consent of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 607, FOR 607
  
  • BIO 608 - BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND LIFE HISTORIES


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 2

    This course uses an evolutionary approach to examine behavior and life histories. Topics addressed include: the optimality approach, constraints on optimality, kin and group selection, predator and prey behaviors, social and mating behaviors, and life history evolution.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 325 and one semester of calculus; or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 608, FOR 608
  
  • BIO 609 - POPULATION AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course discusses the processes that determine population distributions and dynamics and community structure for both plants and animals. Topics addressed include: population regulation and population stability, community diversity and stability, ecological succession, population interactions (competition, predation, mutualism), coevolution, and the effects of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on population and community patterns.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 325 or FOR 340 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 609, FOR 609
  
  • BIO 612 - BIOLOGY OF AGING


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    A multidisciplinary discussion of how the process of aging affects biological systems. Coverage will be quite broad and includes topics such as subcellular and cellular aging, genetics, immunology, anatomy and physiology, animal model of aging, etc.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Enrollment in the doctoral program in Gerontology or a biomedical science department or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: GRN 612, ANA 612, PGY 612
  
  • BIO 615 - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course will develop the student’s ability to critically read and evaluate the primary literature in selected areas of molecular biology; various experimental systems and techniques are discussed. While there is some lecture, the time will be predominately spent in class discussions of the primary literature.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: An advanced course in molecular biology and genetics (e.g. IBS602) or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: BCH 615, MI 615
  
  • BIO 618 - ECOLOGICAL GENETICS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Ecological genetics resides at the interface of ecology, evolution, and genetics. At the heart of ecological genetics lie two components of adaptive evolution: genetic variation in phenotypic traits and natural selection on phenotypes. In this course, students will explore advanced concepts in population and quantitative genetics and apply these to the analysis of genetic and phenotypic data. This course provides an in- depth conceptual link between courses focused on genetics and molecular biology and courses focused on whole organisms and their ecology.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Graduate standing in a life sciences program, or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 620 - PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course is intended to be a treatment of current concepts of plant molecular biology. It will be a literature-based course, supplemented by handouts and reading lists. The course will deal as much as is possible with topics that are unique to plants. Current aspects of molecular biology that are relevant to the course content will be covered in the first part of the course; however, these lectures will not be a review of topics that should have been retained from introductory genetics and biochemistry courses. Also, they will not be a substitute for a molecular biology course.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: One semester of undergraduate genetics and biochemistry or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: PLS 620
  
  • BIO 621 - TOPICS IN MODERN BIOLOGY (SUBTITLE REQUIRED)


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 1 - 3 (Variable)

    A course for students in the biological and related sciences to be taught on various topics by specialists in their fields. Designed to give the student the most up-to-date information on the various topics. May be repeated to a maximum of nine credits under different subtitles.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Consent of instructor.
    Repeatable up to 9 credit hours.
  
  • BIO 622 - PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS I


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    A physiological/biochemical treatment of central topics in modern plant physiology. Topics will include: plant-cell biology, ion transport, water and translocation, respiration and photosynthesis.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 430G or equivalent or consent of coordinator. Prereq or concur: BCH 607.
    Crosslisted with: FOR 622, PLS 622
  
  • BIO 623 - PHYSIOLOGY OF PLANTS II


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    A physiological/biochemical treatment of central topics in modern plant physiology. Topics will include: plant hormones, an introduction to plant biotechnology, senescence and abscission, stress physiology, phytochrome-photomorphogenesis- phototropism, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 430G or equivalent or consent of coordinator. Prereq or concur: BCH 607.
    Crosslisted with: FOR 623, PLS 623
  
  • BIO 625 - INSECT-PLANT RELATIONSHIPS


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course examines the natural history, ecology, and evolution of insect/plant relationships. Topics include mechanisms and theory of plant defense, behavioral and physiological adaptations of herbivorous insects, pollination biology, multitrophic-level interactions, causes of insect outbreaks, and applications to managed ecosystems. Critical reading and discussion of current literature is emphasized.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Two years of college-level biology.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 625
  
  • BIO 629 - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    An examination of the principles of developmental biology, particularly of animals, including genetic and environmental control of development at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 or equivalent introductory genetics course and graduate standing, or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 632 - ADVANCED CELL BIOLOGY I


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    A molecular level treatment of cell structure and function derived from current experimental approaches. Eukaryotes will be stressed. Topics will usually include membrane structure and function, the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, and bioenergetics. Lectures and discussions with reading in the original literature.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 304 or equivalent; coreq: BCH 501 or equivalent, or consent of instructor.
  
  • BIO 635 - INSECT PHYSIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    Study of insect physiological processes including development, digestion, reproduction, respiration, excretion, hormones and immunity. Opportunity to learn techniques used in insect physiology and molecular biology.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 635
  
  • BIO 636 - INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 4

    Principles of insect molecular biology. Analysis of insect development, reproduction, behavior, immunity, transgenic insects and insecticide resistance at the molecular level. Hands-on experience with molecular biology techniques.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: ENT/BIO 635 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 636
  
  • BIO 638 - DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    An explanation of the processes which contribute to the development of the nervous system. Neurophysiological, cell biological and molecular approaches to cell differentiation, neuronal pathfinding and synapse formation and stabilization will be explored and discussed. Examples will be drawn from both vertebrate and invertebrate preparations.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: BIO 535 or consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: PSY 638, ANA 638, PGY 638
  
  • BIO 650 - ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    Hands-on laboratory exercises in animal physiology.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Previous or concurrent enrollment in BIO 550.
    Crosslisted with: PGY 650
  
  • BIO 665 - INSECT ECOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    The biotic and physical factors influencing the distribution and abundance of insects and insect populations.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Consent of instructor.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 665
  
  • BIO 667 - INVASIVE SPECIES BIOLOGY


    College of Arts & Sciences

    Credits: 3

    This course will examine circumstances that allow introduced species to become invasive, how invasive species threaten our resources, and approaches to minimizing the incidence and impact of invasions.

    Prerequisite(s):
    Prereq: Graduate standing or consent of instructor.
    Approved for Distance Learning.
    Crosslisted with: ENT 667, FOR 667
 

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